International law provides the framework that determines rights and responsibilities in fishing, but there are still some gaps that are exploitable by malicious actors that have instrumentalized so-called Distant-Water Fishing (DWF). A fishing fleet from one country or more can be engaged in exhaustive and quite often illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activity on the high seas adjacent to the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of another coastal state, which can be characterized as hybrid threat activity. This Hybrid CoE Working Paper uses the tensions between China and Latin American coastal states to analyze the security challenges posed by DWF from the perspective of international fisheries law.