Hybrid warfare is a subset of hostile activities against a state, falling under the category of hybrid threats but representing an escalated phase. These activities may also involve military means and the use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats, marking a shift from under-detected or unattributed activities to overt coercion.
Hybrid warfare represents the “hard end” of the escalation spectrum of hybrid threat activity.
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Deterrence
News
How can Europe counter hybrid warfare? A new report calls for a unified EU response
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Hybrid CoE Research Report Defending Europe against hybrid warfare
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China
Hybrid CoE Paper 31China’s maritime hybrid warfare: How Beijing uses lawfare and civilian entities to amplify military power
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Organization (Hybrid CoE)
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Hybrid warfare
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JEF course sharpens understanding of hybrid threats among defence planners
31.03.2025
Non-state actors
Hybrid CoE Paper 23Countering state-sponsored proxies: Designing a robust policy
13.02.2025
Russia
Hybrid CoE Paper Hybrid CoE Paper 20: Ukraine’s position in Russia’s strategic thinking: Domestic, regional and international order
10.09.2024
Hybrid warfare
Hybrid CoE Working Paper Hybrid CoE Working Paper 33: State, non-state or chimera? The rise and fall of the Wagner Group and recommendations for countering Russia’s employment of complex proxy networks
25.06.2024
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The Centre focuses on diverse aspects of hybrid threats – from soft power to military means, and from policy to practical questions.
