This Hybrid CoE Working Paper challenges the prevailing notion that the Kremlin’s disinformation fails to impact Western audiences. The report identifies three indicators to assess its impact: the degree to which Kremlin narratives are repeated and disseminated; insights drawn from opinion poll data; and the way in which the Kremlin’s influence is manifested in public behaviour. The paper underscores the need for concerted research efforts to accurately gauge the impact of the Kremlin’s disinformation, as it is only through a nuanced and determined effort that the impact of disinformation can be discerned.
Working Paper
A medium-length paper covering work in progress. Develops and shares ideas on Hybrid CoE’s ongoing research/workstrand themes, or analyzes actors, events or concepts that are relevant from the point of view of hybrid threats.
