Hybrid CoE Working Paper 29: Cause for concern: The continuing success and impact of Kremlin disinformation campaigns

This Hybrid CoE Working Paper challenges the prevailing notion that the Kremlin’s disinformation fails to impact Western audiences. The report identifies three indicators to assess its impact: the degree to which Kremlin narratives are repeated and disseminated; insights drawn from opinion poll data; and the way in which the Kremlin’s influence is manifested in public behaviour. The paper underscores the need for concerted research efforts to accurately gauge the impact of the Kremlin’s disinformation, as it is only through a nuanced and determined effort that the impact of disinformation can be discerned.