The report illustrates how public international law, and specifically the international law of the sea, can be harnessed as a tool for detrimental security measures at sea. By juxtaposing the rights contained in the international maritime law, the malicious hybrid actor has the opportunity to create a confusing and challenging situation, in which the target… Read more
The report takes stock of Critical Infrastructure-related lessons identified and learned during a two-year assessment done by the Community of Interest for Vulnerabilities and Resilience in the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats. Modern Critical Infrastructure seemingly serves as an effective instrument in the hands of adversaries able and willing to use hybrid… Read more
The fluidity of ‘Hybrid Threats’ makes them hard to theoretically grasp, and practically counter. This Working Paper encourages security practitioners to draw on insights from established work on resilience and civil preparedness. Resilience ensures that households, communities, societies, infrastructure and states are able to withstand and recover from shocks. Building resilience is an important part… Read more
The attempted murder of Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia using a military grade nerve agent known as Novichok is an extreme manifestation of an “active measure” of a type for which the Russian state has been responsible in the past. The combination of the known Russian association with the development of the Novichok nerve… Read more
Hybrid CoE working paper to EU-NATO workshop, which served as feed in to NATO’s on-going Baltic Sea process and EU’s work on preparing a hybrid risk survey. The Paper was prepared to serve as food for thought for the workshop and is now published with key takeaways from the workshop.