Protecting maritime infrastructure from hybrid threats: legal options

As incidents in the Baltic Sea demonstrate, protecting submarine communication cables is vital. This Hybrid CoE Research Report examines the legal options available to states for countering hybrid threats against maritime infrastructure. The report shows that while international law provides a range of options for states to maintain situational awareness of hybrid threats, it is much more limited in the operational area, where significant gaps remain. The report concludes by recommending several steps to strengthen the ability of states to legally protect their critical maritime infrastructure.