Hybrid CoE Research Report Defending Europe against hybrid warfare is the outcome of joint efforts by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and Hybrid CoE.
In an increasingly complex and challenging security environment, the escalation of hybrid threats into hybrid warfare poses a growing risk to European democracies. In this context, reliance solely on resilience is insufficient, and an effective deterrence scheme is necessary.
This study undertakes an in-depth examination of the European security environment’s structural transformation, revealing novel requirements for enhanced resilience and presenting conceptual opportunities for deterrence against hybrid threats. Furthermore, it presents a Resilience-Deterrence strategy (RD strategy) that combines proactive, active and reactive approaches.
While this study primarily focuses on the strategic level, it also proposes operational measures for resilience and countermeasures for deterrence, thereby offering a holistic framework for implementation.
