This Hybrid CoE Paper looks at how Russia’s military aggression in Europe has increased the importance of the Arctic – especially the European High North – on the international security agenda. In the Arctic, the potential for conflict escalation relates to hybrid threat operations.
Hybrid CoE Paper 18: The Arctic after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine: The increased risk of conflict and hybrid threats
by Andreas Østhagen
Recent publications

China
China’s maritime hybrid warfare: How Beijing uses lawfare and civilian entities to amplify military power

Belarus
Belarus as a hybrid threat actor: A Russian proxy with residual agency

Artificial intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence and Foreign Information Manipulation: Chinese and Russian approaches

Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
