Hybrid CoE Research Report 5: Hybrid threat activity in the MENA region: State and non-state actors seeking status and expanding influence

Different state and non-state actors operate in the hybrid threat environment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), a strategically important region at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Europe. This Hybrid CoE Research Report looks at Russia, China, Iran and ISIS as hybrid threat actors in the region. Understanding their activities in the MENA region also enhance knowledge of their overall strategic goals and the tools they use to achieve them.