Three basic factors can be seen as guiding Russian policy choices both internally and externally: internal structural disunity, risk-taking, and Russia’s restless soul. These factors are connected to Russian hybrid threat activities, and they show that Russia is a rational actor, but its rationality is not as understandable from the Western perspective. In this Hybrid CoE Working Paper, these factors are analyzed, taking into consideration that they will inform future scenarios as well as explain Russian actions.

Hybrid CoE Working Paper 17: How to read Russia: Internal structural disunity, risk-taking, and Russia’s restless soul
by Hanna Smith
Recent publications

Identity & cognitive vulnerabilities
Social identities and democratic vulnerabilities: Learning from examples of targeted disinformation

Maritime
Protecting maritime infrastructure from hybrid threats: legal options

Non-state actors
Countering state-sponsored proxies: Designing a robust policy

China