Although 21st-century conflict might be different from the traditional theatres of war, the fundamental nature of human and political confrontation has not undergone such dramatic alteration. Hence, policymakers and scholars should embrace โ rather than disavow โ the lessons of the past and should not cast aside the Clausewitzian theory of war. This Hybrid CoE Working Paper looks at the Saudi-Iranian relationship in the light of the Clausewitzian theory and demonstrates its contemporary relevance.

Hybrid CoE Working Paper 15: The relevance of Clausewitzian theory in hybrid war: The Iranian-Saudi rivalry
by Arthur de Liedekerke, Maarten Toelen
Recent publications

Identity & cognitive vulnerabilities
Social identities and democratic vulnerabilities: Learning from examples of targeted disinformation

Maritime
Protecting maritime infrastructure from hybrid threats: legal options

Non-state actors
Countering state-sponsored proxies: Designing a robust policy

China